.comgTLD
Commercial
The most widely used TLD worldwide. Originally intended for commercial entities, now open to anyone. Over 150 million registered domains.
Registry:Verisign
Introduced:1985
TLD List & Reference
Browse a comprehensive list of top-level domains (TLDs) - generic gTLDs (.com, .org, .net, .app, .dev, .blog, .store), country-code ccTLDs (.uk, .de, .jp, .io, .tv, .co, .me), sponsored sTLDs (.gov, .edu, .mil, .int), infrastructure (.arpa), and reserved TLDs (.example, .test, .invalid, .localhost). Each entry includes the managing registry operator, the year it was introduced, any registration restrictions, and DNSSEC support. Search by name, TLD suffix, or registry, filter by TLD type, and copy any TLD with one click.
TLD List & Reference
Browse and search 104 top-level domains - generic gTLDs (.com, .org, .net), country-code ccTLDs (.uk, .de, .jp, .io, .tv), sponsored sTLDs (.gov, .edu, .mil), and reserved TLDs. Filter by type, search by name or TLD, and copy any TLD with one click.
Showing 104 of 104 TLDs
IANA Root Zone Database
.orggTLD
Organization
Originally for non-profit organizations. Now open to anyone. Popular for NGOs, open-source projects, and community groups.
Registry:Public Interest Registry (PIR)
Introduced:1985
.netgTLD
Network
Originally for network infrastructure providers. Now open to anyone. One of the original six gTLDs established in 1985.
Registry:Verisign
Introduced:1985
.infogTLD
Information
Unrestricted TLD for informational websites. One of the first new gTLDs added after the original six.
Registry:Afilias
Introduced:2001
.bizgTLD
Business
TLD intended for business websites. Open to anyone without restrictions.
Registry:Neustar
Introduced:2001
.namegTLD
Personal Name
TLD for individuals and personal names. Supports second and third-level registrations.
Registry:Verisign
Introduced:2001
.progTLD
Professional
For licensed professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and accountants. Domain verification may be required.
Registry:Afilias
Introduced:2002
.xyzgTLD
General (.xyz)
Popular generic TLD. Known for being one of the cheapest TLDs. Used by Alphabet (abc.xyz) and many startups.
Registry:CentralNic
Introduced:2014
DNSSEC:Yes
.onlinegTLD
Online
Popular TLD for websites and online businesses. Vague enough for broad use.
Registry:Radix
Introduced:2015
.sitegTLD
Site
Generic TLD suitable for any website or online presence.
Registry:Radix
Introduced:2015
.techgTLD
Technology
Popular TLD for tech websites, startups, and IT-related content.
Registry:Radix
Introduced:2015
.storegTLD
Store
TLD for e-commerce websites and online stores. Strong commercial signal.
Registry:Radix
Introduced:2016
.bloggTLD
Blog
TLD for blogs and personal publishing. Managed by WordPress.com operator Automattic.
Registry:Knock Knock WHOIS (Automattic)
Introduced:2016
.appgTLD
Mobile Apps
HTTPS-only TLD for mobile and web applications. All .app domains require HTTPS by default.
Registry:Google (Charleston Road Registry)
Introduced:2018
.devgTLD
Software Development
HTTPS-only TLD for developers, coding projects, and software documentation. Preloaded with HSTS.
Registry:Google (Charleston Road Registry)
Introduced:2019
.cloudgTLD
Cloud
TLD for cloud computing, hosting, and SaaS websites. Popular among tech companies.
Registry:Aruba PEC
Introduced:2015
.aigTLD
Artificial Intelligence
Originally the ccTLD for Anguilla. Extremely popular as a generic AI-industry TLD for artificial intelligence companies.
Registry:Anguilla (ccTLD, used as gTLD)
Introduced:2015
.ioccTLD
British Indian Ocean Territory
Originally the ccTLD for British Indian Ocean Territory. Extremely popular as a generic TLD for tech startups, I/O (input/output), and developer tools.
Registry:Internet Computer Bureau
Introduced:1997
.meccTLD
Montenegro
Originally the ccTLD for Montenegro. Popular as a generic TLD for personal websites (ex: "about.me").
Registry:domain.me
Introduced:2007
.coccTLD
Colombia
Originally the ccTLD for Colombia. Widely marketed as a generic alternative to .com for companies and startups.
Registry:Neustar (.CO Internet)
Introduced:1991
.designgTLD
Design
TLD for designers, design agencies, and creative portfolios.
Registry:CentralNic
Introduced:2015
.artgTLD
Art
TLD for artists, galleries, museums, and art-related content.
Registry:Minds + Machines (Cup Science)
Introduced:2016
.musicgTLD
Music
TLD for musicians, bands, music labels, and audio content. One of the newest gTLDs.
Registry:Minds + Machines (Cup Science)
Introduced:2023
.gurugTLD
Guru
TLD for experts, consultants, coaches, and knowledge-based websites.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.expertgTLD
Expert
TLD for subject matter experts, consultants, and professionals.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.todaygTLD
Today
Generic TLD for news, current events, daily content, and time-sensitive sites.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.worldgTLD
World
Generic TLD for global websites, international organizations, and travel content.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.lifegTLD
Life
Generic TLD for lifestyle, wellness, personal development, and daily living content.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.workgTLD
Work
TLD for professional services, career websites, job boards, and business tools.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2015
.emailgTLD
TLD for email services, newsletters, and communication platforms.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.mediagTLD
Media
TLD for media companies, publishers, journalists, and content creators.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.newsgTLD
News
TLD for news websites, journalism, and content publishing.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2015
.videogTLD
Video
TLD for video content, streaming, filmmakers, and multimedia.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.photogTLD
Photo
TLD for photographers, photo galleries, imagery, and visual content.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.agencygTLD
Agency
TLD for agencies, consultancies, and service-based businesses.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.digitalgTLD
Digital
TLD for digital agencies, tech companies, and digital transformation services.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.socialgTLD
Social
TLD for social media, community platforms, networking sites.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.networkgTLD
Network
TLD for networking, IT services, and connectivity-focused websites.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2014
.globalgTLD
Global
TLD for international businesses and global organizations.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2015
.healthgTLD
Health
TLD for healthcare, wellness, medical information, and fitness. Registration restrictions may apply.
Registry:Donuts (Binky Moon)
Introduced:2015
.govsTLD
Government (US)
Restricted TLD for US federal, state, and local government agencies. Registration requires government verification.
Registry:Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
Introduced:1985
.edusTLD
Educational (US)
Restricted TLD for accredited US post-secondary educational institutions. One of the original six gTLDs.
Registry:Educause
Introduced:1985
.milsTLD
Military (US)
Restricted TLD exclusively for US military entities. One of the original six gTLDs.
Registry:DoD Defense Information Systems Agency
Introduced:1985
.intsTLD
International Organizations
Restricted TLD for international treaty-based organizations (UN, NATO, etc.). Strict registration requirements.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1988
.usccTLD
United States
ccTLD for the United States. Managed by Neustar. Commonly used by US state and local governments.
Registry:Neustar
Introduced:1985
.ukccTLD
United Kingdom
ccTLD for the United Kingdom. One of the most popular ccTLDs. Managed by Nominet.
Registry:Nominet UK
Introduced:1985
.deccTLD
Germany
ccTLD for Germany. Second most popular ccTLD after .tk. Highly trusted in the EU market.
Registry:DENIC
Introduced:1986
.cnccTLD
China
ccTLD for China. Required for businesses targeting the Chinese market. Local registration restrictions.
Registry:China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
Introduced:1987
.jpccTLD
Japan
ccTLD for Japan. Widely used by Japanese businesses and organizations.
Registry:Japan Registry Services (JPRS)
Introduced:1986
.frccTLD
France
ccTLD for France. Popular for French businesses and EU-targeted websites.
Registry:AFNIC
Introduced:1986
.auccTLD
Australia
ccTLD for Australia. Managed by auDA. Includes various second-level categories (.com.au, .net.au, etc.).
Registry:auDA (au Domain Administration)
Introduced:1986
.nlccTLD
Netherlands
ccTLD for the Netherlands. One of the earliest ccTLDs.
Registry:SIDN (Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland)
Introduced:1986
.brccTLD
Brazil
ccTLD for Brazil. Large registry with strict registration rules.
Registry:Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (CGI.br)
Introduced:1989
.caccTLD
Canada
ccTLD for Canada. Requires Canadian presence for registration.
Registry:Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA)
Introduced:1987
.inccTLD
India
ccTLD for India. One of the fastest-growing ccTLDs with liberal registration policy.
Registry:National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)
Introduced:1989
.ruccTLD
Russia
ccTLD for Russia. One of the most registered ccTLDs.
Registry:Coordination Center for TLD RU
Introduced:1994
.chccTLD
Switzerland
ccTLD for Switzerland. Highly trusted for Swiss businesses.
Registry:SWITCH
Introduced:1987
.seccTLD
Sweden
ccTLD for Sweden. Open to anyone without local presence requirements.
Registry:The Internet Foundation in Sweden (IIS)
Introduced:1986
.itccTLD
Italy
ccTLD for Italy. Open to anyone with EU presence.
Registry:IT-Nic (Register.it)
Introduced:1987
.esccTLD
Spain
ccTLD for Spain. Managed by the Spanish government agency Red.es.
Registry:Red.es
Introduced:1988
.euccTLD
European Union
ccTLD for the European Union. Requires EU residency or organization registration.
Registry:EURid
Introduced:2005
.nzccTLD
New Zealand
ccTLD for New Zealand. Managed by InternetNZ.
Registry:InternetNZ
Introduced:1987
.sgccTLD
Singapore
ccTLD for Singapore.
Registry:Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC)
Introduced:1988
.hkccTLD
Hong Kong
ccTLD for Hong Kong.
Registry:Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation (HKIRC)
Introduced:1990
.krccTLD
South Korea
ccTLD for South Korea.
Registry:Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA)
Introduced:1986
.zaccTLD
South Africa
ccTLD for South Africa.
Registry:ZA Domain Name Authority (ZADNA)
Introduced:1990
.mxccTLD
Mexico
ccTLD for Mexico. Managed by NIC Mexico.
Registry:NIC Mexico
Introduced:1989
.dkccTLD
Denmark
ccTLD for Denmark. Open to anyone.
Registry:DK Hostmaster
Introduced:1987
.noccTLD
Norway
ccTLD for Norway. Requires Norwegian organization.
Registry:Norid
Introduced:1987
.plccTLD
Poland
ccTLD for Poland. Open to anyone.
Registry:NASK
Introduced:1990
.beccTLD
Belgium
ccTLD for Belgium. Open to anyone.
Registry:DNS Belgium
Introduced:1988
.atccTLD
Austria
ccTLD for Austria. Open to anyone.
Registry:nic.at
Introduced:1988
.ficcTLD
Finland
ccTLD for Finland. Requires Finnish presence.
Registry:Traficom
Introduced:1986
.ieccTLD
Ireland
ccTLD for Ireland. Open to anyone.
Registry:IE Domain Registry (IEDR)
Introduced:1988
.ilccTLD
Israel
ccTLD for Israel. One of the earliest ccTLDs.
Registry:Israel Internet Association (ISOC-IL)
Introduced:1985
.arccTLD
Argentina
ccTLD for Argentina.
Registry:NIC Argentina
Introduced:1987
.myccTLD
Malaysia
ccTLD for Malaysia.
Registry:MYNIC
Introduced:1987
.twccTLD
Taiwan
ccTLD for Taiwan.
Registry:TWNIC
Introduced:1989
.trccTLD
Turkey
ccTLD for Turkey.
Registry:TRABIS (NIC.TR)
Introduced:1991
.thccTLD
Thailand
ccTLD for Thailand.
Registry:THNIC
Introduced:1988
.phccTLD
Philippines
ccTLD for the Philippines.
Registry:PH Domain Foundation (PHNIC)
Introduced:1990
.vnccTLD
Vietnam
ccTLD for Vietnam.
Registry:Vietnam Internet Network Information Center (VNNIC)
Introduced:1994
.egccTLD
Egypt
ccTLD for Egypt.
Registry:Egyptian Universities Network (EUN)
Introduced:1990
.ngccTLD
Nigeria
ccTLD for Nigeria.
Registry:Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA)
Introduced:1995
.keccTLD
Kenya
ccTLD for Kenya.
Registry:Kenya Network Information Center (KeNIC)
Introduced:1995
.clccTLD
Chile
ccTLD for Chile.
Registry:NIC Chile (Universidad de Chile)
Introduced:1987
.peccTLD
Peru
ccTLD for Peru.
Registry:Red Científica Peruana (RCP)
Introduced:1991
.pkccTLD
Pakistan
ccTLD for Pakistan.
Registry:PK NIC
Introduced:1992
.bdccTLD
Bangladesh
ccTLD for Bangladesh.
Registry:Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL)
Introduced:1999
.saccTLD
Saudi Arabia
ccTLD for Saudi Arabia.
Registry:SaudiNIC (CST)
Introduced:1994
.aeccTLD
United Arab Emirates
ccTLD for the UAE.
Registry:aeDA (.ae Domain Administration)
Introduced:1995
.qaccTLD
Qatar
ccTLD for Qatar.
Registry:Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
Introduced:1996
.ccccTLD
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
ccTLD for Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marketed as a generic alternative for content/company brands.
Registry:Verisign
Introduced:1997
.tvccTLD
Tuvalu
ccTLD for Tuvalu. Extremely popular as a generic TLD for television, video, and streaming sites.
Registry:Verisign (Tuvalu government)
Introduced:1996
.fmccTLD
Micronesia
ccTLD for Micronesia. Popular for FM radio, podcasting, and music streaming.
Registry:dotFM (BRS Media)
Introduced:1995
.imccTLD
Isle of Man
ccTLD for Isle of Man. Occasionally used for instant messaging and personal sites.
Registry:Isle of Man Government
Introduced:1996
.shccTLD
Saint Helena
ccTLD for Saint Helena. Popular among developers for shell/terminal-themed sites (ex: git.io).
Registry:Saint Helena Government
Introduced:1997
.wsccTLD
Samoa
ccTLD for Samoa. Marketed globally as "website" domain.
Registry:SamoaNIC
Introduced:1995
.nuccTLD
Niue
ccTLD for Niue. Popular in Scandinavian countries (means "now" in Swedish/Danish).
Registry:Internet Niue (domain.niue.nu)
Introduced:1997
.arpaInfra
Address and Routing Parameter Area
Infrastructure TLD used exclusively for technical infrastructure purposes, including reverse DNS lookups (in-addr.arpa, ip6.arpa). Not available for general registration.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1985
.exampleReserved
Example
Reserved for documentation and example purposes by RFC 2606. Cannot be registered.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1999
.testReserved
Test
Reserved for testing and documentation purposes by RFC 2606.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1999
.invalidReserved
Invalid
Reserved for use in invalid domain name examples by RFC 2606.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1999
.localhostReserved
Localhost
Reserved to avoid conflict with the traditional localhost hostname. Cannot be registered.
Registry:IANA
Introduced:1999
Why Use Our TLD List & Reference Tool?
Comprehensive TLD Database
Browse a curated list of top-level domains including generic gTLDs (.com, .org, .net, .app, .dev), country-code ccTLDs (.uk, .de, .jp, .io, .tv), sponsored sTLDs (.gov, .edu, .mil), infrastructure (.arpa), and reserved TLDs. Each entry includes the registry, introduction year, and a detailed description.
Search & Filter by Type
Quickly find any TLD by searching by name, TLD suffix, registry, or description. Filter by TLD type - generic, country-code, sponsored, infrastructure, or reserved - to focus on the categories most relevant to your domain research.
Registry & Restriction Information
Every TLD entry includes the managing registry organisation, the year it was introduced, and any registration restrictions. Know whether a TLD is open to anyone, requires local presence, or is reserved for specific organisations before you try to register.
Educational Reference for Domain Research
Perfect for domain investors, web developers, SEO professionals, and anyone researching domain name options. Learn about the history and purpose of each TLD, understand gTLD vs ccTLD distinctions, and discover less common TLDs for creative domain registrations.
Common Use Cases for TLD Reference
Domain Name Selection
When choosing a domain for a new website, browse the TLD list to discover creative alternatives to .com. A .io domain signals tech/startup, .app requires HTTPS and is perfect for web apps, .design suits creative portfolios, and .store is ideal for e-commerce sites.
International Website Targeting
Use country-code TLDs to target specific geographic markets. A .de domain builds trust with German customers, .co.uk signals UK presence, .jp targets Japan, and .com.au indicates Australian business. Local ccTLDs often improve local search engine rankings.
Domain Investing & Portfolio Management
Domain investors can research TLD types, understand which registries manage each TLD, and identify emerging gTLDs with investment potential. The reference includes introduction years to track the history and adoption of each TLD.
SEO & International Search Strategy
Understand how different TLDs affect search engine optimisation. ccTLDs like .de and .fr provide strong geo-targeting signals to search engines. gTLDs like .com and .org are treated as global. Learn which TLD works best for your SEO strategy.
Educational & Learning Resource
Perfect for students learning about internet infrastructure, DNS, and domain name systems. Each TLD entry explains the managing organisation, how registration works, and any restrictions - making it an excellent reference for networking and web technology courses.
Website Migration & Rebranding
When migrating a website to a new domain or rebranding, use the TLD reference to evaluate different TLD options. Check restrictions, understand registry policies, and find the best TLD for your new brand identity and target audience.
Understanding Top-Level Domains (TLDs)
What is a Top-Level Domain (TLD)?
A top-level domain (TLD) is the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System (DNS). It is the last segment of a domain name - the part that follows the final dot, such as .com,.org, or .uk. TLDs are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which delegates operational responsibility to registry operators. There are several categories of TLDs, each serving a different purpose in the internet ecosystem.
Types of TLDs
- Generic TLDs (gTLDs)- The most common TLD category, open to anyone for general registration. Includes the original six (.com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil) and hundreds of new gTLDs added since 2012 (.app, .dev, .blog, .store, .design, and more). Managed by ICANN’s gTLD program.
- Country-Code TLDs (ccTLDs) - Two-letter TLDs based on ISO 3166-1 country codes, such as .uk (United Kingdom), .de (Germany), .jp (Japan), and .io (British Indian Ocean Territory). Each ccTLD is managed by a designated operator within the country. Some ccTLDs are also marketed globally as generic alternatives (e.g., .io for tech, .tv for video, .me for personal sites).
- Sponsored TLDs (sTLDs) - Specialised TLDs sponsored by specific communities or organisations. Registration is typically restricted. Examples include .gov (US government), .edu (US educational institutions), .mil (US military), and .int (international treaty organisations).
- Infrastructure TLDs - TLDs reserved exclusively for technical infrastructure purposes. The only active infrastructure TLD is .arpa, used for reverse DNS lookups and other technical functions.
How TLDs Are Managed
Every TLD has a designated registry operator (also known as a registry) that manages the central database of domain names within that TLD. Registries work with accredited registrars (such as GoDaddy, Namecheap, Google Domains) who sell domain registrations to end users. TheIANA Root Zone Database is the authoritative source for which organisation manages each TLD. ICANN oversees the overall TLD policy framework, including the new gTLD program that has added hundreds of new TLDs since 2012.
TLD Restrictions & Registration Policies
TLDs vary significantly in their registration requirements. Some TLDs (like .com, .org, .net) are unrestricted - anyone can register a domain. Others have specific requirements: .edu requires US accreditation, .gov requires government verification, .eu requires EU presence, and many ccTLDs require local presence or residency in the corresponding country. Some ccTLDs like .io, .tv, and .co are open to anyonewithout local restrictions. Always check a TLD’s registration policy before attempting to register - our reference lists known restrictions for each entry.
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Domain Age Checker
Check the age of any domain in years, months, weeks, and days. Enter a domain name to get its creation date, registration timeline, registrar info, and SEO authority estimate based on domain age - all fetched from the official RDAP registry in real time. Free online domain age checker.
Bulk WHOIS Lookup
Check domain registration information for up to 20 domains at once using the RDAP protocol. View registrar, creation date, expiry date, nameservers, and domain status codes in a sortable table - free online bulk WHOIS lookup.
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Check when any domain expires - enter a domain name to see its expiration date, days remaining, registrar lock status, auto-renew status, and complete WHOIS details. Colour-coded health indicators show whether renewal is urgent. Free online domain expiry checker.
Frequently Asked Questions About TLDs
A top-level domain (TLD) is the highest level in the DNS hierarchy - the part of a domain name after the final dot (.com, .org, .uk, etc.). TLDs are managed by IANA and operated by registry organisations. There are four main categories: generic TLDs (gTLDs), country-code TLDs (ccTLDs), sponsored TLDs (sTLDs), and infrastructure TLDs.
Generic TLDs (gTLDs) are open for general use and not tied to any country - .com, .org, .net, .app, and .dev are all gTLDs. Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs) are two-letter codes tied to specific countries or territories (ISO 3166-1), such as .uk (United Kingdom), .de (Germany), and .jp (Japan). Some ccTLDs like .io, .tv, and .co are marketed globally without local restrictions.
As of 2025, there are over 1,500 registered top-level domains. This includes the original six gTLDs (.com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil), over 300 country-code TLDs, and hundreds of new gTLDs added through ICANN's new gTLD program since 2012. Our reference covers the most commonly used and notable TLDs across all categories.
For most global websites, .com remains the most recognised and trusted choice. If .com is unavailable, consider .org (trusted for organisations), .net (tech/infrastructure), .io (tech startups), .co (global alternative), or industry-specific TLDs like .app, .dev, .design, .store, or .blog. For country-specific targeting, use the appropriate ccTLD (.de for Germany, .fr for France, .co.uk for UK, etc.).
No. Some TLDs have strict registration restrictions. .gov requires US government verification, .edu requires US educational accreditation, .mil is exclusively for the US military, and .int is for international treaty organisations. Many ccTLDs require local presence or residency (e.g., .ca requires Canadian presence, .eu requires EU residency). Always check a TLD's registration policy before attempting to register.
New gTLDs are top-level domains added through ICANN's New gTLD Program, which launched in 2012. This program dramatically expanded the number of available TLDs from 22 to over 1,200+. Examples include .app, .dev, .blog, .store, .design, .online, .tech, .xyz, .guru, and hundreds more. New gTLDs offer more specific, descriptive domain options compared to traditional categories.
It depends on the ccTLD's policy. Some ccTLDs like .io (British Indian Ocean Territory), .tv (Tuvalu), .co (Colombia), .me (Montenegro), and .cc (Cocos Islands) are open to anyone without local presence requirements. Others like .ca (Canada), .de (Germany), .eu (European Union), and .jp (Japan) require local presence or residency. Check the specific TLD's restrictions in our reference.
The original six TLDs (.com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil) were established in January 1985, making them the oldest top-level domains. The first country-code TLDs (.us, .uk, .il, etc.) followed later that same year. .com remains the oldest and most popular TLD with over 150 million registered domains.